THE HOTEL GM: Mengawasi Good Corporate Governance
Mengawasi good corporate governance (GCG) merupakan tanggung jawab strategis General Manager (GM) Hotel sebagai penanggung jawab utama tata kelola organisasi di tingkat unit bisnis. GCG dalam industri perhotelan mencakup penerapan prinsip transparansi, akuntabilitas, tanggung jawab, independensi, dan kewajaran dalam seluruh proses pengambilan keputusan dan pengelolaan organisasi. Literatur tata kelola global menegaskan bahwa pimpinan eksekutif tertinggi memiliki peran sentral dalam memastikan prinsip GCG tidak hanya terdokumentasi, tetapi diimplementasikan secara konsisten dalam praktik manajerial (OECD, 2015; OECD, 2023; Tricker, 2019).
Dalam konteks hotel berbintang, GM bertanggung jawab mengawasi struktur tata kelola yang melibatkan hubungan antara owner, manajemen, auditor, dan pemangku kepentingan lainnya. Pengawasan GCG mencakup pemisahan peran pengawasan dan eksekusi, kejelasan wewenang manajemen, serta mekanisme pelaporan dan pengendalian internal. Penelitian internasional menunjukkan bahwa hotel dengan sistem tata kelola yang kuat memiliki risiko operasional dan reputasi yang lebih rendah, serta kinerja keuangan yang lebih stabil (Dogru, Mody, & Suess, 2019; Assaf & Tsionas, 2022).
GM juga bertanggung jawab memastikan bahwa kebijakan dan prosedur organisasi selaras dengan prinsip GCG yang ditetapkan oleh owner maupun grup hotel. Implementasi GCG tidak dapat didelegasikan sepenuhnya kepada fungsi administratif, karena pengawasan efektif membutuhkan keterlibatan langsung pimpinan puncak. Guillet dan Kim (2023) menegaskan bahwa kepemimpinan puncak yang aktif dalam tata kelola meningkatkan kepatuhan internal dan memperkuat legitimasi organisasi di mata investor dan regulator. Oleh karena itu, GM berperan sebagai pengawas utama yang menjamin kebijakan GCG dijalankan secara substansial, bukan simbolik.
Selain itu, GM mengawasi integrasi GCG dengan manajemen risiko dan pengambilan keputusan strategis. Tata kelola yang lemah sering kali menjadi akar kegagalan organisasi akibat konflik kepentingan, penyalahgunaan wewenang, atau kurangnya transparansi. Studi Kallmuenzer et al. (2024) menunjukkan bahwa organisasi pariwisata dengan tata kelola kuat lebih resilien dalam menghadapi krisis dan ketidakpastian global. Dalam konteks ini, GM bertanggung jawab memastikan bahwa setiap keputusan strategis diuji melalui prinsip tata kelola yang baik.
Dari perspektif reputasi korporasi, pengawasan GCG oleh GM memiliki implikasi langsung terhadap kepercayaan owner, investor, dan mitra strategis. Fombrun et al. (2015) menegaskan bahwa persepsi publik terhadap tata kelola organisasi sangat dipengaruhi oleh kredibilitas pimpinan puncak. Dengan demikian, GM Hotel tidak hanya mengawasi GCG sebagai kewajiban struktural, tetapi sebagai fondasi legitimasi dan keberlanjutan organisasi.
Dengan demikian, mengawasi good corporate governance merupakan fungsi kepemimpinan GM yang bersifat strategis, institusional, dan berjangka panjang. Peran ini memastikan hotel dikelola secara bertanggung jawab, patuh, dan berorientasi nilai, sekaligus melindungi organisasi dari risiko hukum, finansial, dan reputasi dalam lingkungan bisnis perhotelan global.
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- Overseeing Good Corporate Governance
Overseeing good corporate governance (GCG) is a strategic responsibility of the Hotel General Manager (GM), who serves as the primary person responsible for organizational governance at the business-unit level. In the hospitality industry, GCG encompasses the application of the principles of transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence, and fairness throughout all decision-making processes and organizational management activities. Global governance literature emphasizes that the highest executive leader plays a central role in ensuring that GCG principles are not merely documented but consistently implemented in managerial practice (OECD, 2015; OECD, 2023; Tricker, 2019).
In the context of a star-rated hotel, the GM is responsible for overseeing the governance structure involving relationships among the owner, management, auditors, and other stakeholders. GCG oversight includes the separation of oversight and execution functions, clarity of management authority, as well as effective reporting and internal control mechanisms. International research indicates that hotels with strong governance systems tend to have lower operational and reputational risks, as well as more stable financial performance (Dogru, Mody, & Suess, 2019; Assaf & Tsionas, 2022).
The GM is also responsible for ensuring that organizational policies and procedures are aligned with GCG principles established by the owner or hotel group. GCG implementation cannot be fully delegated to administrative functions because effective oversight requires the direct involvement of senior leadership. Guillet and Kim (2023) emphasize that active top-level leadership in governance enhances internal compliance and strengthens organizational legitimacy in the eyes of investors and regulators. Therefore, the GM serves as the principal overseer who ensures that GCG policies are implemented substantively rather than symbolically.
Furthermore, the GM oversees the integration of GCG with risk management and strategic decision-making. Weak governance is often a root cause of organizational failure due to conflicts of interest, abuse of authority, or lack of transparency. Kallmuenzer et al. (2024) demonstrate that tourism organizations with strong governance are more resilient in responding to global crises and uncertainty. In this context, the GM is responsible for ensuring that every strategic decision is assessed through the principles of sound corporate governance.
From the perspective of corporate reputation, GCG oversight by the GM has direct implications for the trust of owners, investors, and strategic partners. Fombrun et al. (2015) emphasize that public perceptions of organizational governance are strongly influenced by the credibility of top-level leadership. Accordingly, the Hotel GM oversees GCG not merely as a structural obligation, but as a foundation for organizational legitimacy and long-term sustainability.
Thus, overseeing good corporate governance is a strategic, institutional, and long-term leadership function of the GM. This role ensures that the hotel is managed responsibly, compliantly, and with a strong value orientation, while protecting the organization from legal, financial, and reputational risks within the global hospitality business environment.
